Commentaire sur Tevoul Yom 2:3
הַמִּקְפָּה שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה וְהַשּׁוּם וְהַשֶּׁמֶן שֶׁל חֻלִּין, שֶׁנָּגַע טְבוּל יוֹם בְּמִקְצָתָן, פָּסַל אֶת כֻּלָּם. הַמִּקְפָּה שֶׁל חֻלִּין וְהַשּׁוּם וְהַשֶּׁמֶן שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, שֶׁנָּגַע טְבוּל יוֹם בְּמִקְצָתָן, לֹא פָסַל אֶלָּא מְקוֹם מַגָּעוֹ. וְאִם הָיָה הַשּׁוּם מְרֻבֶּה, הוֹלְכִין אַחַר הָרֹב. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, אֵימָתַי, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהֵן גּוּשׁ בַּקְּעָרָה. אֲבָל אִם הָיָה מְפֻזָּר בַּמְּדוֹכָה, טָהוֹר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא רוֹצֶה בְּפִזּוּרוֹ. וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַנִּדּוֹכִין שֶׁדָּכָן בְּמַשְׁקִין. אֲבָל אֶת שֶׁדַּרְכָּן לָדוּךְ בְּמַשְׁקִים וְדָכָן שֶׁלֹּא בְמַשְׁקִין וְהֵן גּוּשׁ בַּקְּעָרָה, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ כְעִגּוּל שֶׁל דְּבֵלָה:
Si une bouillie était faite de terumah et que l'ail ou l'huile [qu'elle contenait] étaient de chullin , et qu'un tevul yom en touchait une partie, il les a tous invalides [c'est-à-dire rendus impurs]. Si la bouillie était de chullin , et l'ail ou l'huile étaient de terumah , et qu'un tevul yom en a touché une partie, il n'a invalidé que la partie qu'il a touchée. Et si l'ail était plus grand [que la quantité de bouillie], alors la majorité est suivie [c'est-à-dire et la bouillie entière est traitée comme l'ail]. Le rabbin Yehuda a dit: Quand en est-il ainsi? Quand il forme une seule masse dans le pot; mais si elle a été dispersée avec le mortier, elle est pure, puisqu'on désire qu'elle soit dispersée. Et [de même] en ce qui concerne tous les autres aliments en purée que l'on écrasait avec des liquides. Mais ceux qui sont généralement écrasés avec des liquides et qui ont été écrasés sans liquide, [même] s'ils formaient une seule masse dans le pot, ils sont ainsi traités comme un gâteau de figues conservées [c'est-à-dire ne sont pas considérés comme liés les uns aux autres].
Bartenura on Mishnah Tevul Yom
המקפה (a stiff mass of grist, oil and onions, porridge) – a cooked dish that is congealed and thick, as for example, cereal/a dish of pounded grain/grit or pounded beans.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Tevul Yom
If the porridge was of terumah and the garlic or oil [it contained] was of hullin, and a tevul yom touched part of them, he has disqualified the whole thing; There is a thick soup, a porridge, made of terumah that has in it hullin (non-sacred) garlic and oil. If a tevul yom touches part of the garlic or oil, all of it is disqualified because the porridge is the main thing. We look at the porridge as if it was all one dish of terumah and the whole thing is disqualified.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tevul Yom
והשום והשמן – that are placed on it as a spice (i.e., for flavor).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Tevul Yom
But if the porridge was of hullin and the garlic or oil it contained was of terumah, and a tevul yom touched part of them, he disqualifies only the part he has touched. However, if the porridge itself is of hullin and the garlic and oil are terumah, then the garlic or oil are looked at is if they are not connected. If a tevul yom touches part of the garlic or oil, only the part he touches is disqualified.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tevul Yom
נגע טבול יום במקצתן פסל את כולם – for the essence is the stiff mass of grist, and a person who has immersed himself that day/Tevul Yom invalidates/makes unfit the priest’s due/heave offering. But even though he didn’t touch/come in contact with other than with the unconsecrated garlic, it is considered a junction/connection.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Tevul Yom
If the greater part was garlic then they go after the majority. If there is more garlic than oil, then we look at the oil as if it is secondary to the garlic. If he touches the garlic, the oil will also be disqualified.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tevul Yom
ואם היה השום מרובה (but if the garlic was the greater part) – more than the unconsecrated porridge/stiff mass of grist.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Tevul Yom
Rabbi Judah said: When is this so? When it formed one cohesive mass in the pot, but if it was scattered small in the mortar, then it is clean, since he wishes that it should be scattered. Rabbi Judah says we follow the majority of the garlic or oil only if the garlic has not been mashed and it sticks to the oil and becomes one lump. However, if the garlic has been mashed up and scattered in the pot, then the garlic pieces are not connected to the other pieces. The part of the garlic he touches is impure, but the rest remains clean.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tevul Yom
הולכין אחר המרובה – and law of everything is like the law regarding heave-offering/priest’s due, but if he touched part of them, he invalidated/made unfit everything.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Tevul Yom
[Similarly] with all other mashed foods which were mashed with liquids. But those which are usually mashed with liquids and yet were mashed without liquids, though they formed one cohesive mass in the pot, are regarded as a cake of preserved figs. This section is a bit confusing. According to Albeck two different versions of this mishnah have been combined. I will explain according to his commentary. The first version should read thusly: But with all other mashed foods which were mashed with liquids or those which are usually mashed with liquids and yet were mashed without liquids, though they formed one cohesive mass in the pot, are regarded as a cake of preserved figs. The explanation is that if there was a food that people don't usually mash up with liquids but he nevertheless did mash it up with liquid or if there was a food which is normally mashed up with liquids but he didn't mash it up with liquids, even if they form one cohesive lump in the pot, they are treated like a cake of preserved figs. Only the part he touched is impure. The other version should read: [Similarly] with all other mashed foods which were mashed with liquids. But those which are usually mashed with liquids and yet were mashed without liquids, though they formed one cohesive mass in the pot, are regarded as a cake of preserved figs. The explanation is that other mashed foods that he mashed with liquids are also treated like garlic mashed with oil. If they make a cohesive mass, they are treated as connected. But if they are normally mashed with liquids and he mashed them without liquids, even if they form a cohesive mass, they are not treated as if they are connected.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tevul Yom
אימתי – meaning to say, with that which we said if the garlic was the greater part and he (i.e., the Tevul Yom) touched part of it, he invalidates/makes unfit all of it, at the time that the garlic is collected/gathered in the dish, and it is one body, like a kind of a handful/clump of earth.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tevul Yom
אבל אם היה מפוזר במדוכה (but if it - the garlic – was scattered in the mortar) – that its parts were separated from each other within the mortar, and a person who had immersed himself that day/Tevul Yom had touched it is then ritually pure, meaning to say, he did not invalidate it other than the place/point of his contact, for since he intended at the time that he is crushing/pounding to separate its parts, it is not considered a junction/connection.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tevul Yom
ושאר כל הנידוכין שדכן במקשין (and the rest of the things that are crushed in liquids) – like they do with wheat, when they crush them in a mortar, they pour/sprinkle water over them.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tevul Yom
או דברים שדרכן לדוך במשקין ודכן שלא במשקין והן גוש בקערה הרי הן בעיגולי דבילה – that if a person who had immersed himself that day/Tevul Yom had touched part of them, he did not invalidate all of them. Such is what I found in the commentary/explanation of my Rabbis/teachers. But Maimonides explains [the phrase]: "ושאר כל הנדוכים שדכן במשקין"/”And [so is the rule in the case of] all other things which one crushed, which one crushed together with liquids,” their law is like that of garlic. That if a person who had immersed himself that day/Tevul Yom had touched part of what he pounds, he only made unfit/invalid the place of his contact, because the scattering (of the garlic in the mortar) is welcome to him. But if he did not touch it when it became a clod/clump in the bowl, it is connection/junction, and when he touched part of it, he invalidated/made unfit everything.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tevul Yom
אבל את שדרכן לדוך במשקין – we have this reading according to the explanation of Maimonides.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tevul Yom
ודכן שלא במשקין – even though that he placed that lump/clod in the bowl, they are like cakes of pressed fig, that we stated that when he touched a part of it, all of them were not ritually defiled, in the beginning of the second chapter of [Tractate] Terumot (Mishnah 1).
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